What are key factors in preventing controlled flight into terrain (CFIT)?

Preventing controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) is critical for flight safety, and adherence to altitude restrictions plays a key role in achieving this goal. Altitude restrictions are established to ensure that pilots maintain a safe distance from the ground and any obstacles during their flight. By strictly following these restrictions, pilots can mitigate the risk of inadvertently flying into terrain, especially in areas where visual references may be limited due to weather conditions or terrain features.

Altitude restrictions are often supplemented by standard operating procedures and terrain awareness training. Together, they equip pilots with the necessary knowledge and vigilance to avoid CFIT scenarios. Maintaining an appropriate altitude not only helps in avoiding ground impact but also allows for better reaction time if an emergency or unexpected situation arises.

In contrast, increasing speed during descent, decreasing communication with air traffic control, and minimizing navigational equipment usage are all practices that could lead to a higher risk of CFIT. Increased descent speeds might reduce the time available for corrective actions in case of an altitude violation. Cutting off communication could impede valuable guidance from air traffic services, while neglecting navigational equipment usage could lead to navigational errors, further compromising the pilot's situational awareness.