Who has the final responsibility for the safe operation of an aircraft?

The final responsibility for the safe operation of an aircraft lies with the pilot in command. This individual is essentially the captain of the aircraft and has the overall authority and accountability for the flight. The pilot in command is tasked with making critical decisions related to the aircraft's operation, including safety assessments, navigation, and adherence to regulations and procedures.

This responsibility includes ensuring that all crew members are properly briefed and that the aircraft is airworthy before and during the flight. The pilot in command must also manage any unforeseen circumstances, such as in-flight emergencies or changes in flight plans, by relying on their training and judgment.

While other roles, such as the co-pilot and flight engineer, play vital supporting functions in the operation of the aircraft, the ultimate responsibility to ensure safety and make final operational decisions rests with the pilot in command. Air traffic controllers, on the other hand, facilitate safe air traffic flow but do not have command authority over the aircraft itself.